Cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv PCB los ntawm ESD puas

Ntawm no peb yuav ua pov thawj tias qhov sib piv nrog cov geometries loj dua yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv thaj chaw programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) nrog lawv cov geometries me.

Cov qauv hlau loj, tsheb, roob, thiab txawm tias tib neeg tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv huab cua tiag tiag. Tib neeg kuj tuaj yeem tsim lawv tus kheej me me xob laim (txias) thiab muaj sia nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov sparks no ncav cuag IC, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm loj.Nano-scale transistors yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kom lawv tuaj yeem tau txais kev cawmdim txawm nyob rau hauv tib neeg sparks.

Microprocessors tau nce qhov ceev ntawm cov semiconductors rau lub sijhawm ntev. Kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis tau coj mus rau cov transistors me thiab me. Xyoo 1971, Intel® 4004 computer processing unit (CPU) tau qhia nrog qhov loj me ntawm 10 µm. Hauv xyoo 1980s thiab 1990s, cov txheej txheem no ua rau lub ntim ntawm cov khoom me me dua li qhov ntim ntawm cov kab mob. Hauv xyoo 2012, qhov ceev ntawm ICs yog 1,000 npaug me dua li cov thev naus laus zis hauv xyoo 1971, thiab cov haujlwm ntawm cov nti tau tsawg dua cov kab mob. Hauv xyoo 2012, tib neeg tuaj yeem yuav 28 nm-muaj peev xwm FPGA thiab 6.8 billion transistor pob, thiab qhov ceev yuav tsum yog ob npaug rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej no. Cov transistors me me tau ntim nruj ua ke thiab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob (feem ntau yog 1 V thiab qis dua) los tswj cov cua sov tsim.

Txhawm rau pom los ntawm 28 nm, xyuam xim rau xoom: nws yog ib qho 2.8 billionth ntawm ib lub 'meter' (0.000000028). Cia qhov kev ncua deb ntawm San Francisco thiab New York City sawv cev ib meter (kwv yees li 4000 mais lossis 2500 mais). 28 nautical mais (ib qho ntawm 36 lab qhov chaw) yog tam sim no 0.11 meters lossis 4.4 ntiv tes. Yuav tsum xob laim npaum li cas ib lub cuab yeej ntawm qhov me me geometric loj yuav raug puas los ntawm xob laim? Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv qhov tsim nyog thiab muaj txiaj ntsig FPGA?

Cov lus teb yooj yim yog siv I / O interface li txuas rau lub ntiaj teb digital thiab analog. Lub geometric qhov ntev ntawm analog sib xyaw-sib qhia ICs yog qhov loj (10 mus rau 100 npaug loj dua li cov digital integrated circuits) thiab muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua (feem ntau 20 V rau 80 V lossis siab dua), uas ua rau lawv muaj zog dua li cov me me digital transistors.